8. Frequentist II: Hypothesis tests¶
In this session we continue with frequentist inference, exploring the concept of hypothesis testing and p-values. We discuss the general principle underlying a p-value, connections to confidence intervals and common misinterpretations and misuses of p-values.
By the end of this session you will be able to:
describe the meaning of the terms null and alternative hypotheses
describe what a p-value is
correctly interpret a p-value
explain the connection between 95% confidence intervals and p-values
describe the calculation of a p-value
This session does not cover the mathematical derivation underlying hypothesis tests and common test statistics. Our intention is not to equip you with the ability to construct novel hypothesis tests. The purpose of this session is rather to convey an understanding of what a hypothesis test is, what a p-value is and how to interpret p-values correctly.